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Bible Study on Philippians 4 lessons, one chapter each

Paul wrote Philippians from chains, probably in Rome, to the first church he planted in Europe (Acts 16:12-15). It is a thank-you letter and one of the most joyful books in the Bible: the words joy and rejoice run all through it. This Bible study on Philippians takes one chapter a week: to live is Christ, the humble mind of Christ, pressing on toward the goal, and the peace of God that guards our hearts.

It is a good study for a small group, a women’s or men’s study, or anyone who needs joy that does not depend on circumstances. Each lesson prints the whole chapter from the Berean Standard Bible, then the big idea, notes for the leader, questions to observe, understand and apply, a memory verse and a prayer.

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Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice!

— Philippians 4:4 (BSB)

How to use this study

Lesson 1 of 4

To live is Christ

Read Philippians 1:1-30

The big idea: Even in chains, Paul rejoices because the gospel is advancing; for him, to live is Christ and to die is gain.

Read

1Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, To all the saints in Christ Jesus at Philippi, together with the overseers and deacons: 2Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 3I thank my God every time I remember you. 4In every prayer for all of you, I always pray with joy, 5because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now, 6being confident of this, that He who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus. 7It is right for me to feel this way about all of you, since I have you in my heart. For in my chains and in my defense and confirmation of the gospel, you are all partners in grace with me. 8God is my witness how I long for all of you with the affection of Christ Jesus. 9And this is my prayer: that your love may abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight, 10so that you may be able to test and prove what is best and may be pure and blameless for the day of Christ, 11filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God. 12Now I want you to know, brothers, that my circumstances have actually served to advance the gospel. 13As a result, it has become clear throughout the whole palace guard and to everyone else that I am in chains for Christ. 14And most of the brothers, confident in the Lord by my chains, now dare more greatly to speak the word without fear. 15It is true that some preach Christ out of envy and rivalry, but others out of goodwill. 16The latter do so in love, knowing that I am appointed for the defense of the gospel. 17The former, however, preach Christ out of selfish ambition, not sincerely, supposing that they can add to the distress of my chains. 18What then is the issue? Just this: that in every way, whether by false motives or true, Christ is preached. And in this I rejoice. Yes, and I will continue to rejoice, 19because I know that through your prayers and the provision of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, my distress will turn out for my deliverance. 20I eagerly expect and hope that I will in no way be ashamed, but will have complete boldness so that now as always Christ will be exalted in my body, whether by life or by death. 21For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain. 22But if I go on living in the body, this will mean fruitful labor for me. So what shall I choose? I do not know. 23I am torn between the two. I desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better indeed. 24But it is more necessary for you that I remain in the body. 25Convinced of this, I know that I will remain and will continue with all of you for your progress and joy in the faith, 26so that through my coming to you again your exultation in Christ Jesus will resound on account of me. 27Nevertheless, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ. Then, whether I come and see you or only hear about you in my absence, I will know that you stand firm in one spirit, contending together as one for the faith of the gospel, 28without being frightened in any way by those who oppose you. This is a clear sign of their destruction but of your salvation, and it is from God. 29For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer for Him, 30since you are encountering the same struggle you saw I had, and now hear that I still have.

— Philippians 1:1-30 (BSB)

Notes

Paul begins with thanks and confidence: “He who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.” Then he tells the church something surprising about his imprisonment: “my circumstances have actually served to advance the gospel.” The whole palace guard knows why he is in chains, and other believers have grown bolder.

Paul does not know whether he will live or die, and he is at peace either way: “For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain.” Living means fruitful work; dying means being with Christ, “which is far better indeed.” He calls the church to live worthy of the gospel, standing firm together and unafraid.

Questions

Observe What does the passage say?

  1. What is Paul confident of in verse 6?
  2. What has happened because of Paul’s chains (vv. 12–14)?
  3. What does Paul say about living and dying (vv. 21–24)?

Understand What does it mean?

  1. How can Paul rejoice even when some preach Christ out of rivalry (vv. 15–18)?
  2. What does ‘to live is Christ’ mean in everyday terms?
  3. What does it look like to conduct yourself ‘in a manner worthy of the gospel’ (v. 27)?

Apply What will I do with it?

  1. Finish the sentence honestly: ‘For to me, to live is …’ What would you like it to be?
  2. What hard circumstance could God use to advance the gospel through you?
  3. Pray Paul’s prayer in verses 9–11 for someone you love this week.

Memory verse

For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain.

— Philippians 1:21 (BSB)

Pray

Lord Jesus, thank You that You who began a good work in me will carry it on to completion. Use even my hard circumstances to advance the gospel. Let my love abound more and more. Teach me to say from the heart, to live is Christ and to die is gain. Amen.

Lesson 2 of 4

The mind of Christ

Read Philippians 2:1-30

The big idea: Paul calls believers to humility and unity by pointing to Jesus, who emptied Himself, served and obeyed to death on a cross, and was exalted.

Read

1Therefore if you have any encouragement in Christ, if any comfort from His love, if any fellowship with the Spirit, if any affection and compassion, 2then make my joy complete by being like-minded, having the same love, being united in spirit and purpose. 3Do nothing out of selfish ambition or empty pride, but in humility consider others more important than yourselves. 4Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others. 5Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus: 6Who, existing in the form of God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, 7but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in human likeness. 8And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to death—even death on a cross. 9Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place and gave Him the name above all names, 10that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, 11and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. 12Therefore, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence, but now even more in my absence, continue to work out your salvation with fear and trembling. 13For it is God who works in you to will and to act on behalf of His good purpose. 14Do everything without complaining or arguing, 15so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God without fault in a crooked and perverse generation, in which you shine as lights in the world 16as you hold forth the word of life, in order that I may boast on the day of Christ that I did not run or labor in vain. 17But even if I am being poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with all of you. 18So you too should be glad and rejoice with me. 19Now I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you soon, that I also may be cheered when I learn how you are doing. 20I have nobody else like him who will genuinely care for your needs. 21For all the others look after their own interests, not those of Jesus Christ. 22But you know Timothy’s proven worth, that as a child with his father he has served with me to advance the gospel. 23So I hope to send him as soon as I see what happens with me. 24And I trust in the Lord that I myself will come soon. 25But I thought it necessary to send back to you Epaphroditus, my brother, fellow worker, and fellow soldier, who is also your messenger and minister to my needs. 26For he has been longing for all of you and is distressed because you heard he was ill. 27He was sick indeed, nearly unto death. But God had mercy on him, and not only on him but also on me, to spare me sorrow upon sorrow. 28Therefore I am all the more eager to send him, so that when you see him again you may rejoice, and I may be less anxious. 29Welcome him in the Lord with great joy, and honor men like him, 30because he nearly died for the work of Christ, risking his life to make up for your deficit of service to me.

— Philippians 2:1-30 (BSB)

Notes

Paul asks the church to be united and humble: “Do nothing out of selfish ambition or empty pride, but in humility consider others more important than yourselves.” Then he gives the greatest example. Christ Jesus, “existing in the form of God,” emptied Himself, took the form of a servant, and became obedient to death, “even death on a cross.”

God exalted Him to the highest place, and one day every knee will bow and every tongue confess “that Jesus Christ is Lord.” Paul then shows two people who lived this way: Timothy, who genuinely cared for others, and Epaphroditus, who nearly died serving Christ. Humility is not thinking less of yourself; it is thinking of others, as Jesus did.

Questions

Observe What does the passage say?

  1. What does Paul ask the church to do and not do in verses 2–4?
  2. List the steps of Jesus’ humbling and exaltation in verses 6–11.
  3. What does Paul say about Timothy and Epaphroditus (vv. 19–30)?

Understand What does it mean?

  1. What does it mean that Jesus ‘emptied Himself’ and took ‘the form of a servant’?
  2. How do verses 12 and 13 fit together: we work out, and God works in?
  3. Why might complaining and arguing (v. 14) dim our light in the world?

Apply What will I do with it?

  1. Whose interests could you put ahead of your own this week, at home or at work?
  2. Where are you most tempted to complain or argue? Try a week without it.
  3. Who is a Timothy or Epaphroditus in your church? Thank them and honor them.

Memory verse

Do nothing out of selfish ambition or empty pride, but in humility consider others more important than yourselves.

— Philippians 2:3 (BSB)

Pray

Lord Jesus, You emptied Yourself and became a servant, obedient to death on a cross. I confess that You are Lord. Take away my selfish ambition and empty pride. Give me Your mind, to consider others more important than myself, and work in me to will and to act for Your good purpose. Amen.

Lesson 3 of 4

Pressing on

Read Philippians 3:1-21

The big idea: Paul counts every advantage as loss compared to knowing Christ, and presses on toward the goal, because our citizenship is in heaven.

Read

1Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord. It is no trouble for me to write the same things to you again, and it is a safeguard for you. 2Watch out for those dogs, those workers of evil, those mutilators of the flesh! 3For it is we who are the circumcision, we who worship by the Spirit of God, who glory in Christ Jesus, and who put no confidence in the flesh— 4though I myself could have such confidence. If anyone else thinks he has grounds for confidence in the flesh, I have more: 5circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin; a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee; 6as to zeal, persecuting the church; as to righteousness in the law, faultless. 7But whatever was gain to me I count as loss for the sake of Christ. 8More than that, I count all things as loss compared to the surpassing excellence of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have lost all things. I consider them rubbish, that I may gain Christ 9and be found in Him, not having my own righteousness from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God on the basis of faith. 10I want to know Christ and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to Him in His death, 11and so, somehow, to attain to the resurrection from the dead. 12Not that I have already obtained all this, or have already been made perfect, but I press on to take hold of that for which Christ Jesus took hold of me. 13Brothers, I do not consider myself yet to have taken hold of it. But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead, 14I press on toward the goal to win the prize of God’s heavenly calling in Christ Jesus. 15All of us who are mature should embrace this point of view. And if you think differently about some issue, God will reveal this to you as well. 16Nevertheless, we must live up to what we have already attained. 17Join one another in following my example, brothers, and carefully observe those who walk according to the pattern we set for you. 18For as I have often told you before, and now say again even with tears: Many live as enemies of the cross of Christ. 19Their end is destruction, their god is their belly, and their glory is in their shame. Their minds are set on earthly things. 20But our citizenship is in heaven, and we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ, 21who, by the power that enables Him to subject all things to Himself, will transform our lowly bodies to be like His glorious body.

— Philippians 3:1-21 (BSB)

Notes

Some taught that faith in Jesus was not enough without keeping the law’s rituals. Paul answers with his own life: if anyone could boast in religious credentials, he could. “But whatever was gain to me I count as loss for the sake of Christ.” He wants to be found in Christ, “not having my own righteousness from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ.”

Paul is honest that he has not arrived: “Not that I have already obtained all this.” So he forgets what is behind, strains toward what is ahead, and presses on toward the goal. And he reminds the church where home is: “our citizenship is in heaven,” and we eagerly await the Lord Jesus Christ, who will transform our lowly bodies.

Questions

Observe What does the passage say?

  1. What reasons for confidence in the flesh does Paul list (vv. 4–6)?
  2. How does Paul now see those things, and why (vv. 7–9)?
  3. What does Paul say about our citizenship and our future (vv. 20–21)?

Understand What does it mean?

  1. What is the difference between righteousness ‘from the law’ and righteousness ‘through faith in Christ’ (v. 9)?
  2. What does it mean to forget ‘what is behind’? Does it include past successes as well as failures?
  3. How does heavenly citizenship change how we live now?

Apply What will I do with it?

  1. What do you tend to count as ‘gain’ that could compete with knowing Christ?
  2. What is behind you that you need to stop looking back at?
  3. What is one step you can take this week to press on in knowing Christ?

Memory verse

I press on toward the goal to win the prize of God’s heavenly calling in Christ Jesus.

— Philippians 3:14 (BSB)

Pray

Lord Jesus, I count all things as loss compared to the surpassing excellence of knowing You. I do not want my own righteousness, but the righteousness that comes through faith in You. Help me forget what is behind and press on toward the goal. My citizenship is in heaven. Come, Lord Jesus. Amen.

Lesson 4 of 4

The peace of God

Read Philippians 4:1-23

The big idea: Paul urges believers to rejoice, pray with thanksgiving and think on what is good; God’s peace guards them, and Christ gives contentment in every circumstance.

Read

1Therefore, my brothers, whom I love and long for, my joy and crown, that is how you must stand firm in the Lord, my beloved. 2I urge Euodia and Syntyche to agree with each other in the Lord. 3Yes, and I ask you, my true yokefellow, to help these women who have contended at my side for the gospel, along with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the Book of Life. 4Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice! 5Let your gentleness be apparent to all. The Lord is near. 6Be anxious for nothing, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. 7And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. 8Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable—if anything is excellent or praiseworthy—think on these things. 9Whatever you have learned or received or heard from me, or seen in me, put it into practice. And the God of peace will be with you. 10Now I rejoice greatly in the Lord that at last you have revived your concern for me. You were indeed concerned, but you had no opportunity to show it. 11I am not saying this out of need, for I have learned to be content regardless of my circumstances. 12I know how to live humbly, and I know how to abound. In any and every situation I have learned the secret of being filled and being hungry, of having plenty and having need. 13I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength. 14Nevertheless, you have done well to share in my affliction. 15And as you Philippians know, in the early days of the gospel, when I left Macedonia, no church but you partnered with me in the matter of giving and receiving. 16For even while I was in Thessalonica, you provided for my needs again and again. 17Not that I am seeking a gift, but I am looking for the fruit that may be credited to your account. 18I have all I need and more, now that I have received your gifts from Epaphroditus. They are a fragrant offering, an acceptable sacrifice, well-pleasing to God. 19And my God will supply all your needs according to His glorious riches in Christ Jesus. 20To our God and Father be glory forever and ever. Amen. 21Greet all the saints in Christ Jesus. The brothers who are with me send you greetings. 22All the saints send you greetings, especially those from the household of Caesar. 23The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.

— Philippians 4:1-23 (BSB)

Notes

Paul begins with two women in the church who disagree: he urges them to agree in the Lord and asks his true yokefellow, a trusted co-worker, to help them. Then come the famous commands: “Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice!” and “Be anxious for nothing, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God.” The promise is peace that “surpasses all understanding.”

He tells them what to think about: whatever is true, honorable, right, pure, lovely and admirable. Then he thanks them for their gift and shares his secret: “I have learned to be content regardless of my circumstances.” Verse 13, “I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength,” belongs here, in the context of contentment in plenty and in need.

Questions

Observe What does the passage say?

  1. What does Paul ask for Euodia and Syntyche (vv. 2–3)?
  2. What should we do instead of being anxious, and what will happen (vv. 6–7)?
  3. List the things Paul tells us to think on (v. 8).

Understand What does it mean?

  1. How can someone rejoice in the Lord always while in chains?
  2. Why does Paul include thanksgiving in our prayers about anxiety?
  3. What does verse 13 mean when read with verses 11–12?

Apply What will I do with it?

  1. Is there someone you need to agree with in the Lord? Take a step toward peace.
  2. Turn your biggest worry into a prayer with thanksgiving, every day this week.
  3. Which thoughts fill your mind most often? What could you replace with ‘whatever is true’?

Memory verse

Be anxious for nothing, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.

— Philippians 4:6-7 (BSB)

Pray this verse →

Pray

Lord, I will rejoice in You always. I bring You my anxieties by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving. Let Your peace, which surpasses all understanding, guard my heart and my mind in Christ Jesus. Fill my thoughts with what is true and lovely, and teach me to be content in Christ. Amen.

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Questions

What is the main theme of Philippians?

Joy in Christ in every circumstance. Paul wrote from prison, yet he rejoices that the gospel is advancing and calls the church to rejoice in the Lord always (Philippians 1:18; 4:4). The letter also calls believers to humility and unity, following the example of Christ (2:5-11).

Where was Paul when he wrote Philippians?

In chains (Philippians 1:13), most likely under guard in Rome around AD 60–62, though some scholars suggest Ephesus or Caesarea. He mentions the palace guard and saints from the household of Caesar (1:13; 4:22).

How long does each lesson take?

About 60 minutes in a small group, since each lesson covers a whole chapter, or 30 minutes on your own. Groups can split chapters 1 and 2 over two weeks each.